# Glossary

Peak VT:

Peak Volume of air moved throughout the test.

Respiratory Capability Limitations that can be found include:

- Endurance: Normal capacity, but cannot maintain their VT over time.
- Strength/Power: Normal capacity, but peak VT is not 75-85% of their FEV1 despite FEV1 being normal
- Coordination (Hyper/Hypo-Ventilation): Normal capacity, but uses low volumes +/- high BFs at lower intensities. A breathing coordination limitation can also be identified by the loss of volume at higher intensities, which are then recovered upon recovery/stop of activity.

VO2 Pulse:

VO2 Pulse refers to the relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) during exercise. This measure gives insight into how efficiently the body is using oxygen in relation to the heart's output. A higher VO2 Pulse suggests that an individual is able to deliver oxygen more efficiently to the muscles with each heartbeat.

VO2 Breath:

VO2 Breath refers to the amount of oxygen consumed per breath during exercise, which indicates how effectively the body delivers oxygen to the bloodstream through the lungs with each breath. A more efficient VO2 Breath means the body requires less effort to obtain the same amount of oxygen, indicating better respiratory efficiency and oxygen utilization.

Carb & Fat Crossover:

The point during exercise at which the body shifts its predominant fuel source from fats to carbohydrates. This transition typically occurs as exercise intensity increases, and marks the transition from Zone 2 into Zone 3. As exercise intensity increases, the body starts to rely more on carbohydrates because they provide faster energy.

Endurance training (e.g., long, steady-state cardio within Zones 1 & 2) increases the body's ability to burn fat efficiently at higher intensities, shifting the crossover point to a faster speed, or higher heart rate/intensity. Because fat stores are much larger and can provide a steady stream of energy for prolonged periods, a higher CHO/FAT crossover can help delay fatigue, which is especially beneficial in longer-duration events, where carbohydrate depletion can lead to a significant drop in performance.

Cardiovascular Recovery:

The percentage your heart rate drops within the first minute of the inactive recovery phase in relation to the lowest heart rate recorded prior to the start of the test.

Metabolic (CO2) Recovery:

The percentage that your VCO2 levels (amount of CO2 you are exhaling) drop within the first 1.5 minutes of the inactive recovery phase in relation to the lowest VCO2 recorded prior to the start of the test.

refers to the rate at which the body clears carbon dioxide (CO2) after exercise, reflecting the efficiency of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in returning CO2 levels to baseline. A faster VCO2 recovery indicates effective management of metabolic byproducts, signaling a healthier metabolic system and lower risk of metabolic disorders.

Breath Frequency Recovery:

Refers to the speed at which the body returns to a normal breathing rate after physical exertion. Faster breath frequency recovery indicates a well-conditioned cardiovascular and respiratory system, allowing the body to efficiently regulate oxygen and CO2 levels. It supports better endurance, faster recovery between intervals, and the ability to sustain higher performance during repeated efforts or prolonged activity. Additionally, a quick return to baseline signals that the autonomic nervous system is functioning well, reducing stress on the body and promoting more efficient recovery. This also reflects a healthier metabolic system, better management of metabolic byproducts like CO2, and a lower risk of chronic conditions.