feat: add project documentation
This commit is contained in:
Ayobami
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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node_modules
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npm-debug.log
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.git
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.gitignore
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README.md
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.env
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.nyc_output
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coverage
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.DS_Store
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*.log
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logs/*
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tickets/*
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.vscode
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.idea
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*.md
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!design.md
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Dockerfile
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docker-compose.yml
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prometheus.yml
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@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
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/dist
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/dist
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/package-lock.json
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/package-lock.json
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/tickets
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/tickets
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/logs
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.env
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.env
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+37
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
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# Use official Node.js runtime as base image
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FROM node:18-alpine
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# Set working directory in container
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WORKDIR /app
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# Copy package files
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COPY package*.json ./
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# Install dependencies
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RUN npm ci --only=production
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# Copy application code
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COPY . .
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# Create necessary directories
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RUN mkdir -p logs tickets
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# Create non-root user for security
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RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs
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RUN adduser -S nodejs -u 1001
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# Change ownership of app directory
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RUN chown -R nodejs:nodejs /app
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# Switch to non-root user
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USER nodejs
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# Expose port
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EXPOSE 3049
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# Health check
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HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
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CMD node -e "require('http').get('http://localhost:3049/health', (res) => { process.exit(res.statusCode === 200 ? 0 : 1) }).on('error', () => process.exit(1))"
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# Start the application
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CMD ["npm", "start"]
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@@ -42,34 +42,128 @@ Your task is to extract the high-throughput ticket purchasing component and exte
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### Prerequisites
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### Prerequisites
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- Node.js (v14+ recommended)
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- Node.js (v18+ recommended)
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- npm
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- npm or yarn
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- Redis (installed locally or via Docker, as per the provided docker-compose configuration)
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- Docker and Docker Compose
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- Git
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### Setup
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### Quick Start
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1. Clone the repository.
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1. **Clone the repository**
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2. Install dependencies:
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```bash
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git clone <repository-url>
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cd module4_backend_project
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```
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2. **Install dependencies**
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```bash
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npm install
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npm install
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3. (Optional) Copy the environment variable template:
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```
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3. **Set up environment**
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```bash
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cp .env.example .env
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cp .env.example .env
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4. Seed the Redis store with tickets for multiple events. You might modify the seeding script to handle multiple event keys (e.g., `event:1:tickets`, `event:2:tickets`, etc.).
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# Edit .env file if needed
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5. Start the application:
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```
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npm start
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4. **Start with Docker (Recommended)**
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```bash
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# Start core services (Redis + App)
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docker-compose up -d
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# Or start with monitoring (Prometheus + Grafana)
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docker-compose --profile monitoring up -d
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```
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5. **Seed the database**
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```bash
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# Seed 5 events with 10,000 tickets each
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npm run seed
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# Custom seeding: 3 events with 5,000 tickets each
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npm run seed 3 5000
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```
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### Manual Setup (Development)
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If you prefer to run components separately:
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1. **Start Redis**
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```bash
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docker-compose up -d redis
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```
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2. **Start the application**
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```bash
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npm run dev # Development with auto-reload
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# or
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npm start # Production mode
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```
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### API Endpoints
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Once running, the following endpoints are available:
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| Method | Endpoint | Description |
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|--------|----------|-------------|
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| GET | `/health` | System health check |
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| GET | `/events` | List all events with statistics |
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| GET | `/events/:eventId` | Get specific event details |
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| POST | `/buy/:eventId` | Purchase a ticket for an event |
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| GET | `/tickets/:purchaseId` | Download ticket PDF |
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| GET | `/metrics` | Real-time system metrics |
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| GET | `/admin/pdf-stats` | PDF management statistics |
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| POST | `/admin/cleanup-tickets` | Cleanup old ticket files |
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### Load Testing
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### Load Testing
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Simulate high load using a tool like [autocannon](https://github.com/mcollina/autocannon) or [wrk](https://github.com/wg/wrk). For example, to simulate 5000 concurrent connections on event 1:
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The system includes a comprehensive load testing framework:
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npx autocannon -c 5000 -d 30 http://localhost:3049/buy/1
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```bash
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# Run full test suite (5000+ concurrent connections)
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npm run test:load -- --full
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### Metrics
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# Test specific event
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npm run test:load -- --event 1 --connections 5000 --duration 30
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Access real-time service metrics at:
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# Multi-event concurrent testing
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npm run test:load -- --multi --events 1,2,3 --connections 6000
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http://localhost:3049/metrics
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# Custom load test
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node tests/load-test.js --event 2 --connections 1000 --duration 10
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```
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These metrics should include data on tickets sold, remaining tickets per event, and any instances where the fallback mechanism was activated.
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### Monitoring & Metrics
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#### Application Metrics
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Access real-time service metrics at: http://localhost:3049/metrics
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#### Prometheus (if enabled)
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Prometheus dashboard: http://localhost:9090
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#### Grafana (if enabled)
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Grafana dashboard: http://localhost:3000
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- Username: `admin`
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- Password: `admin`
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### Docker Commands
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```bash
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# Start core services
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docker-compose up -d
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# Start with monitoring
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docker-compose --profile monitoring up -d
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# View logs
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docker-compose logs -f app
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# Stop services
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docker-compose down
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# Rebuild and restart
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docker-compose up -d --build
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```
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## Evaluation Criteria
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## Evaluation Criteria
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@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
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# Ticket Scaling Microservice - Design Document
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## Table of Contents
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1. [Architecture Overview](#architecture-overview)
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2. [System Components](#system-components)
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3. [Scalability Strategies](#scalability-strategies)
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4. [Atomic Operations](#atomic-operations)
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5. [Fallback Mechanisms](#fallback-mechanisms)
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6. [Performance Optimizations](#performance-optimizations)
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7. [Monitoring & Observability](#monitoring--observability)
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8. [Security Considerations](#security-considerations)
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9. [Deployment Strategy](#deployment-strategy)
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10. [Future Enhancements](#future-enhancements)
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## Architecture Overview
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### High-Level Architecture
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```
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┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
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│ Load Balancer │ │ Prometheus │ │ Grafana │
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│ (Optional) │ │ Monitoring │ │ Dashboard │
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└─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
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│ │ │
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│ │ │
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┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
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│ │ │ │ │ │
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│ Ticket Service │◄───┤ Redis │ │ In-Memory │
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│ (Node.js/ │ │ Primary Store │ │ Fallback Store │
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│ Express) │ │ │ │ │
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│ │ │ │ │ │
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└─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
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│
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│
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┌─────────────────┐
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│ PDF Generator │
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│ (PDFKit) │
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└─────────────────┘
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```
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### Design Principles
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1. **High Availability**: Fallback mechanisms ensure service continuity
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2. **Atomic Operations**: Redis Lua scripts prevent race conditions
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3. **Horizontal Scalability**: Stateless design enables easy scaling
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4. **Observability**: Comprehensive logging and metrics
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5. **Performance**: Optimized for high-throughput scenarios
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## System Components
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### 1. Core Application (server.js)
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- **Technology**: Node.js with Express framework
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- **Responsibilities**:
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- HTTP request handling
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- Business logic orchestration
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- Error handling and logging
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- PDF generation coordination
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### 2. Redis Client (redis-client.js)
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- **Technology**: Redis with Lua scripting
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- **Responsibilities**:
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- Atomic ticket operations
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- Event metadata management
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- Connection health monitoring
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- Script execution
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### 3. Fallback Store (fallback-store.js)
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- **Technology**: In-memory JavaScript Map
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- **Responsibilities**:
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- Emergency ticket storage
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- Temporary operation continuity
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- Graceful degradation
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### 4. PDF Generator (pdf-generator.js)
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- **Technology**: PDFKit library
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- **Responsibilities**:
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- Professional ticket generation
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- File management
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- Cleanup operations
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### 5. Logging System (logger.js)
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- **Technology**: Winston logging framework
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- **Responsibilities**:
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- Structured logging
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- Request tracking
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- Error reporting
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- Performance metrics
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## Scalability Strategies
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### Horizontal Scaling
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```
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┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
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│ Instance 1 │ │ Instance 2 │ │ Instance N │
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│ Port: 3049 │ │ Port: 3050 │ │ Port: 305X │
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└─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
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│ │ │
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└───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┘
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│
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┌─────────────────┐
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│ Shared Redis │
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│ Cluster │
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└─────────────────┘
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```
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**Key Features**:
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- Stateless application design
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- Shared Redis backend
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- Load balancer distribution
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- Independent scaling
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### Vertical Scaling
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- **CPU**: Multi-core utilization through Node.js cluster mode
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- **Memory**: Configurable heap sizes for high-throughput
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- **I/O**: Async operations prevent blocking
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### Database Scaling
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```
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┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
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│ Redis Master │ │ Redis Replica │ │ Redis Replica │
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│ (Read/Write) │───▶│ (Read Only) │ │ (Read Only) │
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└─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
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```
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**Strategies**:
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- Redis clustering for horizontal scaling
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- Read replicas for metrics/stats queries
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- Sharding by event ID for massive scale
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## Atomic Operations
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### Lua Script Design
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Our core purchase operation uses a Redis Lua script to ensure atomicity:
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```lua
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-- Atomic ticket purchase script
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local ticketKey = KEYS[1] -- event:X:tickets
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local metaKey = KEYS[2] -- event:X:meta
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local globalKey = KEYS[3] -- global:stats
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|
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-- Atomic operations:
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1. Check event exists
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2. Pop ticket from list
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3. Update sold count
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4. Update global stats
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5. Store purchase record
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```
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**Benefits**:
|
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- **Race Condition Prevention**: All operations execute atomically
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||||||
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- **Consistency**: No partial state updates
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- **Performance**: Single round-trip to Redis
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- **Reliability**: All-or-nothing execution
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||||||
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### Concurrency Handling
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||||||
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- **Optimistic Locking**: Lua scripts handle concurrent access
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- **Queue Management**: Redis lists provide FIFO ticket distribution
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- **Connection Pooling**: Efficient Redis connection reuse
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## Fallback Mechanisms
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||||||
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### Activation Triggers
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1. **Redis Connection Failure**: Network issues or Redis downtime
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2. **Script Execution Errors**: Lua script failures
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3. **Timeout Scenarios**: Slow Redis responses
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### Fallback Architecture
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||||||
|
```
|
||||||
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┌─────────────────┐
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||||||
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│ Request Comes │
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└─────────────────┘
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||||||
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│
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▼
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||||||
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┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
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||||||
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│ Try Redis │───▶│ Redis Success │
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||||||
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│ Operation │ │ Return Result │
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||||||
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└─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
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||||||
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│
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||||||
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▼ (On Failure)
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||||||
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┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
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||||||
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│ Activate │───▶│ In-Memory │
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||||||
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│ Fallback Store │ │ Operation │
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||||||
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└─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
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||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Fallback Limitations
|
||||||
|
- **Non-Persistent**: Data lost on restart
|
||||||
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- **Single Instance**: No cross-instance synchronization
|
||||||
|
- **Capacity Limited**: Memory constraints
|
||||||
|
- **Warning Logs**: Clear indication of degraded mode
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Optimizations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Application Level
|
||||||
|
1. **Async Operations**: Non-blocking I/O throughout
|
||||||
|
2. **Connection Pooling**: Reuse Redis connections
|
||||||
|
3. **Batch Operations**: Bulk ticket seeding
|
||||||
|
4. **Caching**: Event metadata caching
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Redis Optimizations
|
||||||
|
1. **Lua Scripts**: Reduced network round-trips
|
||||||
|
2. **Pipeline Operations**: Batch commands
|
||||||
|
3. **Memory Management**: Efficient data structures
|
||||||
|
4. **Persistence**: AOF for durability
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### PDF Generation
|
||||||
|
1. **Async Generation**: Non-blocking PDF creation
|
||||||
|
2. **Stream Processing**: Memory-efficient file handling
|
||||||
|
3. **Cleanup Jobs**: Automatic old file removal
|
||||||
|
4. **Error Isolation**: PDF failures don't affect purchases
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Monitoring & Observability
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Metrics Collection
|
||||||
|
```json
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"global": {
|
||||||
|
"totalEvents": 5,
|
||||||
|
"totalTickets": 50000,
|
||||||
|
"totalSold": 1250
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"events": [
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"eventId": "1",
|
||||||
|
"soldTickets": 250,
|
||||||
|
"remainingTickets": 9750
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
"system": {
|
||||||
|
"usingFallback": false,
|
||||||
|
"redisConnected": true,
|
||||||
|
"uptime": 3600,
|
||||||
|
"memoryUsage": {...}
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"pdf": {
|
||||||
|
"totalTickets": 1250,
|
||||||
|
"totalSizeMB": "15.6"
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Logging Strategy
|
||||||
|
- **Structured Logging**: JSON format for parsing
|
||||||
|
- **Request Tracking**: Unique IDs for tracing
|
||||||
|
- **Performance Metrics**: Response times and throughput
|
||||||
|
- **Error Categorization**: Different log levels
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Health Checks
|
||||||
|
- **Application Health**: `/health` endpoint
|
||||||
|
- **Redis Connectivity**: Connection status
|
||||||
|
- **Fallback Status**: Degraded mode indication
|
||||||
|
- **Resource Usage**: Memory and CPU monitoring
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Security Considerations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Input Validation
|
||||||
|
- **Event ID Validation**: Numeric constraints
|
||||||
|
- **Request Rate Limiting**: DDoS protection
|
||||||
|
- **Parameter Sanitization**: Injection prevention
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Container Security
|
||||||
|
- **Non-Root User**: Principle of least privilege
|
||||||
|
- **Minimal Base Image**: Alpine Linux for smaller attack surface
|
||||||
|
- **Health Checks**: Container monitoring
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Data Protection
|
||||||
|
- **No Sensitive Data**: Tickets are identifiers only
|
||||||
|
- **Audit Logging**: Purchase tracking
|
||||||
|
- **Secure Defaults**: Production-ready configuration
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Deployment Strategy
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Development Environment
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Local development
|
||||||
|
npm install
|
||||||
|
npm run docker:up # Start Redis
|
||||||
|
npm run seed # Seed events
|
||||||
|
npm run dev # Start with nodemon
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Production Environment
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Docker deployment
|
||||||
|
docker-compose up -d # Core services
|
||||||
|
docker-compose --profile monitoring up # With monitoring
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Container Orchestration
|
||||||
|
- **Docker Compose**: Local and small deployments
|
||||||
|
- **Kubernetes**: Large-scale deployments
|
||||||
|
- **Health Checks**: Automatic restart on failure
|
||||||
|
- **Resource Limits**: CPU and memory constraints
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Future Enhancements
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Performance Improvements
|
||||||
|
1. **Redis Clustering**: Horizontal database scaling
|
||||||
|
2. **CDN Integration**: PDF delivery optimization
|
||||||
|
3. **Caching Layer**: Application-level caching
|
||||||
|
4. **Connection Optimization**: Advanced pooling
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Feature Additions
|
||||||
|
1. **QR Code Generation**: Enhanced ticket security
|
||||||
|
2. **Email Integration**: Automatic ticket delivery
|
||||||
|
3. **Payment Processing**: Complete purchase flow
|
||||||
|
4. **Event Management**: Dynamic event creation
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Monitoring Enhancements
|
||||||
|
1. **Distributed Tracing**: Request flow tracking
|
||||||
|
2. **Custom Dashboards**: Business metrics visualization
|
||||||
|
3. **Alerting**: Proactive issue detection
|
||||||
|
4. **Performance Profiling**: Bottleneck identification
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Security Hardening
|
||||||
|
1. **Authentication**: API key management
|
||||||
|
2. **Rate Limiting**: Advanced throttling
|
||||||
|
3. **Encryption**: Data in transit protection
|
||||||
|
4. **Audit Trails**: Comprehensive logging
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Conclusion
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This design provides a robust, scalable foundation for high-volume ticket sales with the following key strengths:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Atomic Operations**: Guaranteed consistency under load
|
||||||
|
- **High Availability**: Graceful degradation capabilities
|
||||||
|
- **Observability**: Comprehensive monitoring and logging
|
||||||
|
- **Scalability**: Horizontal and vertical scaling support
|
||||||
|
- **Performance**: Optimized for high-throughput scenarios
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The architecture successfully handles the challenge requirements of processing thousands of concurrent requests while maintaining data integrity and system reliability.
|
||||||
+71
-1
@@ -1,10 +1,80 @@
|
|||||||
version: "3"
|
version: "3.8"
|
||||||
services:
|
services:
|
||||||
redis:
|
redis:
|
||||||
image: redis:alpine
|
image: redis:alpine
|
||||||
|
container_name: ticket-redis
|
||||||
ports:
|
ports:
|
||||||
- "6379:6379"
|
- "6379:6379"
|
||||||
volumes:
|
volumes:
|
||||||
- redis_data:/data
|
- redis_data:/data
|
||||||
|
command: redis-server --appendonly yes
|
||||||
|
healthcheck:
|
||||||
|
test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
|
||||||
|
interval: 10s
|
||||||
|
timeout: 3s
|
||||||
|
retries: 3
|
||||||
|
networks:
|
||||||
|
- ticket-network
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
app:
|
||||||
|
build: .
|
||||||
|
container_name: ticket-microservice
|
||||||
|
ports:
|
||||||
|
- "3049:3049"
|
||||||
|
environment:
|
||||||
|
- NODE_ENV=production
|
||||||
|
- REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
|
||||||
|
- PORT=3049
|
||||||
|
- LOG_LEVEL=info
|
||||||
|
depends_on:
|
||||||
|
redis:
|
||||||
|
condition: service_healthy
|
||||||
|
volumes:
|
||||||
|
- ./logs:/app/logs
|
||||||
|
- ./tickets:/app/tickets
|
||||||
|
networks:
|
||||||
|
- ticket-network
|
||||||
|
restart: unless-stopped
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
prometheus:
|
||||||
|
image: prom/prometheus:latest
|
||||||
|
container_name: ticket-prometheus
|
||||||
|
ports:
|
||||||
|
- "9090:9090"
|
||||||
|
volumes:
|
||||||
|
- ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
|
||||||
|
- prometheus_data:/prometheus
|
||||||
|
command:
|
||||||
|
- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
|
||||||
|
- '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
|
||||||
|
- '--web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries'
|
||||||
|
- '--web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles'
|
||||||
|
- '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=200h'
|
||||||
|
- '--web.enable-lifecycle'
|
||||||
|
networks:
|
||||||
|
- ticket-network
|
||||||
|
profiles:
|
||||||
|
- monitoring
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
grafana:
|
||||||
|
image: grafana/grafana:latest
|
||||||
|
container_name: ticket-grafana
|
||||||
|
ports:
|
||||||
|
- "3000:3000"
|
||||||
|
environment:
|
||||||
|
- GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
|
||||||
|
volumes:
|
||||||
|
- grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
|
||||||
|
networks:
|
||||||
|
- ticket-network
|
||||||
|
profiles:
|
||||||
|
- monitoring
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
volumes:
|
volumes:
|
||||||
redis_data:
|
redis_data:
|
||||||
|
prometheus_data:
|
||||||
|
grafana_data:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
networks:
|
||||||
|
ticket-network:
|
||||||
|
driver: bridge
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
|||||||
|
global:
|
||||||
|
scrape_interval: 15s
|
||||||
|
evaluation_interval: 15s
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rule_files:
|
||||||
|
# - "first_rules.yml"
|
||||||
|
# - "second_rules.yml"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
scrape_configs:
|
||||||
|
- job_name: 'prometheus'
|
||||||
|
static_configs:
|
||||||
|
- targets: ['localhost:9090']
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- job_name: 'ticket-microservice'
|
||||||
|
static_configs:
|
||||||
|
- targets: ['app:3049']
|
||||||
|
metrics_path: '/metrics'
|
||||||
|
scrape_interval: 5s
|
||||||
|
scrape_timeout: 3s
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user